① Raws li daim ntawv uas twb muaj lawm hauv xwm

Ntuj tooj liab;

tooj liab oxide;

tooj liab sulfide.

② Raws li kev tsim khoom

Copper concentrate - ore nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab siab xaiv ua ntej smelting.

Crude tooj liab --- cov khoom ntawm tooj liab mloog zoo tom qab kev kho mob, nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntawm 95-98%.

Ntshiab tooj liab - tooj liab uas muaj ntau tshaj 99% tom qab hluav taws refining los yog electrolysis.99-99.9% tooj liab ntshiab tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm hluav taws kub smelting thiab tuaj yeem tau los ntawm electrolysis.

③ Raws li lub ntsiab alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg

Brass - tooj liab zinc alloy

Bronze - tooj liab tin alloy, thiab lwm yam.

Dawb tooj liab tooj liab cobalt nickel alloy

④ Raws li cov khoom lag luam:

Copper yeeb nkab, tooj liab pas nrig, tooj liab hlau, tooj liab phaj, tooj liab sawb, tooj liab sawb, tooj liab ntawv ci, thiab lwm yam