Ntau lawm

Hauv 35 xyoo dhau los, kev lag luam hlau thiab hlau tau pom kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb.Xyoo 1980 716 mln tonnes ntawm hlau tau tsim thiab cov teb chaws hauv qab no yog cov thawj coj: USSR (21% ntawm lub ntiaj teb steel ntau lawm), Nyiv (16%), Tebchaws USA (14%), Lub teb chaws Yelemees (6%), Tuam Tshoj (5%) ), Ltalis (4%), Fabkis thiab Poland (3%), Canada thiab Brazil (2%).Raws li World Steel Association (WSA), nyob rau hauv 2014 lub ntiaj teb steel ntau lawm yog 1665 mln tonnes - ib tug 1% nce nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau 2013. Cov npe ntawm cov thawj lub teb chaws tau hloov pauv loj.Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv thawj thiab nyob deb ua ntej ntawm lwm lub teb chaws (60% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no steel ntau lawm), feem ntawm lwm lub teb chaws los ntawm sab saum toj-10 yog 2-8% - Nyiv (8%), Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab Is Nrias teb (6%), Sab Qab Teb Kauslim thiab Russia (5%), Lub Tebchaws Yelemees (3%), Qaib ntxhw, Brazil thiab Taiwan (2%) (saib Daim duab 2).Dhau li ntawm Tuam Tshoj, lwm lub tebchaws uas tau txhawb nqa lawv txoj haujlwm nyob rau saum-10 yog Is Nrias teb, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Brazil thiab Qaib Cov Txwv.

Kev noj haus

Hlau nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov ntaub ntawv (cam khwb cia hlau, steel thiab dov hlau) yog cov feem ntau siv cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub ntiaj teb no kev khwv nyiaj txiag.Nws khaws qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho ua ntej ntoo, sib tw nrog cov cement thiab cuam tshuam nrog nws (ferroconcrete), thiab tseem sib tw nrog cov khoom siv tshiab (polimers, ceramics).Tau ntau xyoo, kev lag luam engineering tau siv cov ntaub ntawv ferrous ntau dua li lwm yam kev lag luam.Kev siv steel thoob ntiaj teb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce siab.Qhov nruab nrab kev loj hlob ntawm kev noj nyob rau hauv 2014 yog 3%.Kev loj hlob qis dua tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho (2%).Cov teb chaws tsim kho muaj qib siab dua ntawm kev siv steel (1,133 mln tonnes).